Umehluko phakathi kwe-nickel-metal hydride, amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium namabhethri e-lithium

Amabhethri e-NiMH

Amabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride akhiwe ngama-ion e-hydrogen ne-metallic nickel.Zinokugcinwa kwamandla okungu-30% ngaphezu kwamabhethri e-nickel-cadmium, alula kunamabhethri e-nickel-cadmium, futhi anempilo ende yesevisi.Zinobungani bemvelo futhi azinawo umthelela wenkumbulo.Ukungalungi kwamabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride ukuthi intengo yamabhethri e-nickel-cadmium ibiza kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kubi kakhulu kunamabhethri e-lithium.

Ibhethri ye-Lithium Ion

Ibhethri elinamandla amakhulu elakhiweamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Ibhethri ye-lithium-ionubuye uhloboibhethri elihlakaniphile, ingakwazi ukusebenzisana neshaja ehlakaniphile yoqobo ukuze ifinyelele isikhathi sokushaja esifushane kakhulu, umjikelezo wempilo omude kakhulu kanye nomthamo omkhulu kakhulu.Ibhethri ye-lithium-ioniyibhethri elingcono kakhulu okwamanje.Uma iqhathaniswa namabhethri e-nickel-cadmium namabhethri e-nickel-hydrogen anosayizi ofanayo, inendawo yokugcina amandla enkulu kunazo zonke, isisindo esilula kakhulu, impilo ende kakhulu, isikhathi sokushaja esifushane kakhulu, futhi ayinawo umthelela wenkumbulo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamabhethri aphinde ashajwe: amabhethri e-lead-acid namabhethri e-alkaline.Amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium (NiCd), i-nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) kanye ne-lithium-ion (Li-Ion) asetshenziswayo njengamanje wonke amabhethri e-alkaline.

I-NiMH yebhethri e-positive plate i-NiOOH, i-negative plate material i-hydrogen-absorbing alloy.I-electrolyte ivamise ukuba yi-30% yesisombululo samanzi se-KOH, futhi inani elincane le-NiOH liyengezwa.I-diaphragm yenziwe ngendwangu enezimbobo ze-vinylon engalukiwe noma indwangu engalukiwe enayiloni.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamabhethri e-NiMH: isilinda nesikwele.

Amabhethri e-NiMH anezici ezinhle zokukhishwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi.Ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa elizungezile -20 ° C, usebenzisa i-current enkulu (ngesilinganiso sokukhishwa kwe-1C) ukukhipha, ugesi okhishiwe ungafinyelela ngaphezu kwe-85% yomthamo wokuqamba.Kodwa-ke, lapho amabhethri e-NiMH esemazingeni okushisa aphezulu (ngaphezu kuka-+40 ° C), umthamo wokugcina uzokwehla ngo-5-10%.Ukulahlekelwa umthamo okubangelwa ukuzikhipha ngokwakho (uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu, izinga lokuzikhipha likhulu) liyabuyiselwa emuva, futhi umthamo omkhulu ungabuyiselwa emijikelezweni embalwa yokukhipha imali.I-voltage yesekethe evulekile yebhethri ye-NiMH ingu-1.2V, efana nebhethri le-NiCd.

Inqubo yokushaja yamabhethri e-NiCd/NiMH ifana kakhulu, idinga ukushajwa kwamanje okungapheli.Umehluko phakathi kwakho kokubili usendleleni yokuthola ukunqanyulwa kokushaja okusheshayo ukuvimbela ibhethri ekushajweni ngokweqile.Ishaja ishaja njalo ebhethrini, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ithola amandla kagesi webhethri namanye amapharamitha.Uma amandla ebhethri enyuka kancane futhi afinyelela inani eliphakeme, ukushajwa okusheshayo kwebhethri le-NiMH kuyanqanyulwa, kanti kubhethri le-NiCd, ukushajwa okusheshayo kuyanqanyulwa lapho amandla ogesi ebhethri ehla ngo-△V okokuqala ngqa.Ukuze ugweme ukulimala kwebhethri, ukushajwa okusheshayo akukwazi ukuqalwa uma izinga lokushisa lebhethri liphansi kakhulu.Uma izinga lokushisa lebhethri i-Tmin lingaphansi kuka-10°C, imodi yokushaja kancane kufanele ishintshelwe kuyo.Uma izinga lokushisa lebhethri selifinyelele inani elishiwo, ukushajwa kufanele kumiswe ngokushesha.

Amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium

Izinto ezisebenzayo epuleti elihle lebhethri ye-nickel-cadmium yebhethri ye-NiCd yenziwe nge-nickel oxide powder kanye ne-graphite powder.I-graphite ayihlanganyeli ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali, futhi umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuthuthukisa ukuqhutshwa kwe-conductivity.Izinto ezisebenzayo epuleti elingalungile lakhiwe nge-cadmium oxide powder kanye ne-iron oxide powder.Umsebenzi we-iron oxide powder ukwenza impushana ye-cadmium oxide ibe ne-diffusibility ephakeme, ivimbele ukuhlangana, futhi ikhulise umthamo wepuleti le-electrode.Izinto ezisebenzayo zigoqwe ngokulandelana kwensimbi enezimbobo, eziba amapuleti alungile noma angalungile ebhethri ngemva kokwakhiwa kokucindezela.Amapuleti asezindaweni ezimaphakathi ahlukaniswa ngezinti zokuvikela injoloba eqinile ezimelana ne-alkali noma amabhodi kathayela e-polyvinyl chloride anezimbobo.I-electrolyte ngokuvamile iyisisombululo se-potassium hydroxide.Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amabhethri, izinga lokuzikhipha ngokwawo lamabhethri e-NiCd (okungukuthi, izinga lapho ibhethri lilahlekelwa khona ukushajwa uma lingasebenzi) limaphakathi.Ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa amabhethri e-NiCd, uma engakhishwa ngokugcwele, azoshajwa, futhi ngesikhathi esilandelayo ekhishwa, ngeke akwazi ukukhipha wonke amandla awo.Isibonelo, uma u-80% webhethri ushajwa bese ushajwa ngokugcwele, ibhethri lingakhipha kuphela u-80% webhethri.Lona okuthiwa umphumela wenkumbulo.Kunjalo, imijikelezo embalwa ephelele yokukhipha/yokushaja izobuyisela ibhethri le-NiCd ekusebenzeni okuvamile.Ngenxa yomphumela wenkumbulo wamabhethri e-NiCd, uma engashajwa ngokuphelele, ibhethri ngalinye kufanele lishajwe ngaphansi kuka-1V ngaphambi kokushajwa.