Isifinyezo

Ngo-2021, yasekhayaibhethri yokugcina amandlaukuthunyelwa kuzofinyelela ku-48GWh, okuwukukhula konyaka nonyaka izikhathi ezingu-2.6.

Njengoba iChina yaphakamisa umgomo wekhabhoni okabili ngo-2021, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zamandla ezintsha zasekhaya ezifana nomoya kanyeisitoreji selanga namandla amashaizimoto bezilokhu zishintsha usuku nosuku.Njengendlela ebalulekile yokufeza umgomo wekhabhoni ombaxambili, wasekhayaukugcinwa kwamandlaizophinde ilethe isikhathi esihle senqubomgomo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe.Ngo-2021, ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamandla afakiwe phesheyaamandla okugcina amandlaiziteshi kanye nenqubomgomo yokuphatha yomoya wasekhaya kanyeisitoreji samandla elanga, isitoreji sasekhaya samandla sizofinyelela ukukhula okuqhumayo.

Ngokwezibalo zakwaIbhethri ye-LithiumIsikhungo Sokucwaninga se-High-tech Industrial Research Institute, yasekhayaibhethri yokugcina amandlaukuthunyelwa kuzofinyelela ku-48GWh ngo-2021, ukukhuphuka konyaka nonyaka izikhathi ezingu-2.6;okungamaphi amandlaibhethri yokugcina amandlaukuthunyelwa kuzoba ngu-29GWh, okuwukukhula konyaka nonyaka izikhathi ezi-4.39 uma kuqhathaniswa no-6.6GWh ngo-2020.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-ukugcinwa kwamandlaimboni nayo ibhekene nezinkinga eziningi endleleni: ngo-2021, izindleko ezikhuphukayo zeamabhethri e-lithiumiye yanda futhi amandla okukhiqiza amabhethri aqinile, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwezindleko zesistimu esikhundleni sokwehla;yasekhaya neyangaphandleisitoreji samandla ebhethri ye-lithiumiziteshi zikagesi ngezikhathi ezithile ziye zavutha futhi zaqhuma, okuphephile Izingozi azinakuqedwa ngokuphelele;amamodeli amabhizinisi asekhaya awavuthiwe ngokugcwele, amabhizinisi awazimisele ukutshala imali, futhi isitoreji samandla "siwukwakha okunzima ekusebenzeni", futhi isenzakalo sempahla engasebenzi sivamile;isikhathi sokumisa isitoreji samandla isikhathi esiningi amahora angu-2, futhi ingxenye ephezulu yomthamo omkhulu wamagridi omoya namandla elanga axhunywe ku-4 Isidingo sokugcinwa kwamandla esikhathi eside ngaphezu kwehora siya ngokuya siphuthuma...

Umkhuba ojwayelekile wokuboniswa okuhlukahlukene kobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla, ingxenye yomthamo ofakiwe wobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla obungeyona i-lithium-ion kulindeleke ukuthi yande.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubomgomo zangaphambilini, "Uhlelo Lokuqalisa" lubhale kabanzi mayelana nokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokuboniswa kwezinhlobonhlobo.ukugcinwa kwamandlaubuchwepheshe, futhi yasho ngokusobala ukulungiselelwa kwemizila yobuchwepheshe eyahlukahlukene njengamabhethri e-sodium-ion, amabhethri e-lead-carbon, amabhethri okugeleza, kanye nesitoreji samandla se-hydrogen (ammonia).Ucwaningo lokuklama.Okwesibili, izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokugcinwa kwamandla omoya acindezelwe ngu-100-megawatt, ibhethri lokugeleza kwamamegawathi ayi-100, i-sodium ion, isimo esiqinile.ibhethri ye-lithium-ion,kanye nebhethri yensimbi ewuketshezi yizikhombisi-ndlela ezibalulekile zocwaningo lwemishini yobuchwepheshe kuukugcinwa kwamandlaimboni ngesikhathi soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu.

Ngokuvamile, "Uhlelo Lokuqalisa" lucacisa imigomo yentuthuko yokubonisa okufanayo kodwa okuhlukene kwezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene.ukugcinwa kwamandlaimizila yobuchwepheshe, futhi ibeka kuphela umgomo wokuhlela wokunciphisa izindleko zesistimu ngaphezu kuka-30% ngo-2025. Lokhu empeleni kunikeza ilungelo lokukhetha umzila othize oya kubadlali bemakethe, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kokugcinwa kwamandla kuzoba yizindleko kanye nemakethe- okugxile ekufuneni.Kungase kube nezizathu ezimbili ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwemithethonqubo.

Okokuqala, izindleko ezikhuphukayo zeamabhethri e-lithiumkanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezikhuphuka nomfula kanye namandla okukhiqiza anganele ngo-2021 kudalule ubungozi obungaba khona bokuthembela ngokweqile emzileni owodwa wobuchwepheshe: ukukhishwa ngokushesha kwesidingo esikhuphukayo sezimoto zamandla amasha, amasondo amabili, kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kuholele ekukhuphukeni kwempahla eluhlaza. amanani kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla.Akwanele, okuholela ekugcinweni kwamandla nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingezansi "ukubamba umthamo wokukhiqiza, ukubamba izinto zokusetshenziswa".Okwesibili, impilo yangempela yemikhiqizo yebhethri ye-lithium ayinde, inkinga yomlilo nokuqhuma ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi isikhala sokunciphisa izindleko kunzima ukuxazulula ngesikhathi esifushane, okwenza futhi ukuthi ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zawo wonke amandla. izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina.Ngokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo ezintsha zamandla, ukugcinwa kwamandla kuzoba ingqalasizinda yamandla entsha ebaluleke kakhulu, futhi isidingo sokugcina amandla emhlabeni wonke kungenzeka singene enkathini ye-TWh.Izinga lamanje lokuhlinzekwa kwamabhethri e-lithium alikwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingoukugcinwa kwamandlaingqalasizinda yezinhlelo ezintsha zamandla esikhathini esizayo.

Okwesibili ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kweminye imizila yobuchwepheshe, futhi izimo zobuchwepheshe zokubonisa ubunjiniyela seziyatholakala.Thatha isitoreji samandla esigelezayo esiqokonyiswe Ohlelweni Lokusebenza njengesibonelo.Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium-ion, amabhethri okugeleza awanakho ukuguqulwa kwesigaba enqubweni yokusabela, angashajwa ngokujulile futhi akhululwe, futhi angakwazi ukumelana nokushajwa okuphezulu kwamanje nokukhipha.Isici esigqame kakhulu samabhethri okugeleza ukuthi impilo yomjikelezo yinde kakhulu, ubuncane bungaba izikhathi eziyi-10,000, futhi eminye imizila yezobuchwepheshe ingafinyelela izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-20,000, futhi impilo yesevisi iyonke ingafinyelela iminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu, okuyinto enkulu kakhulu. ilungele umthamo omkhuluamandla avuselelekayo.Indawo yokugcina amandla.Kusukela ngo-2021, i-Datang Group, i-State Power Investment Corporation, i-China General Nuclear Power namanye amaqembu aphehla ugesi akhiphe amasu okwakhiwa kweziteshi zamandla okugcina amandla ebhethri agelezayo angu-100.Isigaba sokuqala se-ukugcinwa kwamandlaukushefa okuphezuluisiteshi sikagesiiphrojekthi ingene esigabeni sokusebenzisa imojula eyodwa, okukhombisa ukuthi ibhethri eligeleza linamandla obuchwepheshe bokuboniswa kwe-100-megawatt.

Ngokombono wokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe,amabhethri e-lithium-ionzisengaphambili kakhulu kunezinyeamasha okugcina amandlamayelana nomphumela wesikali kanye nokwesekwa kwezimboni, ngakho-ke maningi amathuba okuthi zisazoba yinsakavukela yentshaukugcinwa kwamandlaukufakwa eminyakeni engu-5-10 ezayo.Kodwa-ke, isikali esiphelele nengxenye ehlobene yemizila yokugcina amandla engeyona i-lithium-ion kulindeleke ukuthi inwetshwe.Eminye imizila yobuchwepheshe, njengamabhethri e-sodium-ion, umoya ocindezelweyoukugcinwa kwamandla, amabhethri e-lead-carbon, namabhethri omoya wensimbi, kulindeleke ukuthi akhuphuke ezindlekweni zokuqala zokutshala, izindleko ze-kWh, ukuphepha, njll. Noma izici eziningi zibonisa amandla amakhulu entuthuko, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kwakhe ubudlelwano obuhambisanayo nobusekelanayoamabhethri e-lithium-ion.

Ngokugxila ezimeni zohlelo lokusebenza, isidingo sasekhaya sesikhathi eside sokugcinwa kwamandla kulindeleke ukuthi sizuze impumelelo esezingeni eliphezulu.

Ngokwesikhathi sokugcinwa kwamandla, izimo zokusetshenziswa kwesitoreji samandla zingahlukaniswa cishe zibe isitoreji samandla sesikhathi esifushane (<1 ihora), isitoreji samandla esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside (amahora angu-1-4), kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwesikhathi eside (≥4 amahora, futhi amanye amazwe angaphandle achaza ≥8 amahora) ) izigaba ezintathu.Njengamanje, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina amandla ezifuywayo zigxile kakhulu ekugcineni amandla esikhathi esifushane kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwesikhathi esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside.Ngenxa yezinto ezifana nezindleko zokutshala imali, ubuchwepheshe kanye namamodeli ebhizinisi, imakethe yokugcina amandla yesikhathi eside isesigabeni sokulinywa.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, amazwe athuthukile okuhlanganisa i-United States ne-United Kingdom akhiphe uchungechunge lwezibonelelo zenqubomgomo kanye nezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe zobuchwepheshe besikhathi eside wokugcina amandla, okuhlanganisa ne-“Energy Storage Grand Challenge Roadmap” ekhishwe uMnyango Wezamandla wase-United States. , kanye nezinhlelo zoMnyango Wezamabhizinisi, Amandla Necebo Lezimboni wase-United Kingdom.Ukwaba izigidi ezingama-£68 ukusekela iphrojekthi yokubonisa umzila wezwe wesikhathi eside wokugcinwa kwamandla kagesi.Ngaphandle kwezikhulu zikahulumeni, izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni phesheya kwezilwandle nazo zithatha izinyathelo ezinqala, njengomkhandlu wokugcina ugesi wesikhathi eside.Inhlangano yasungulwa izikhondlakhondla zamazwe ngamazwe ezingu-25 zamandla, ubuchwepheshe, nezinsiza zomphakathi ezihlanganisa i-Microsoft, BP, Siemens, njll., futhi ilwela ukusebenzisa u-85TWh-140TWh wokufakwa kwesitoreji samandla isikhathi eside emhlabeni wonke ngo-2040, ngokutshalwa kwezimali kuka-US$1.5 trillion kuya ku-3 trillion.Idola.

U-Academician Zhang Huamin we-Dahua Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences uthe ngemva kuka-2030, ohlelweni olusha lwamandla asekhaya, ingxenye yamandla avuselelekayo axhunywe kugridi izokwenyuka kakhulu, futhi indima yokulawula ukuphakama kwegridi yamandla kanye nokulawula imvamisa. izodluliselwa eziteshini zikagesi zokugcina amandla.Esimeni sezulu esiqhubekayo semvula, ngenxa yokuncipha okukhulu kwamandla afakiwe ezimbonini zamandla ashisayo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwamandla okuphephile futhi okuzinzile kohlelo olusha lwamandla, amahora angama-2-4 kuphela wesikhathi sokugcina amandla angakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kwamandla Umphakathi we-zero-carbon nhlobo, futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside.Iindawo yokugcina amandla kagesiinikeza amandla adingwa umthwalo wegridi.

Lokhu "Uhlelo Lokusebenza" lusebenzisa uyinki owengeziwe ukuze kugcizelele ucwaningo kanye nokuboniswa kwephrojekthi yobuchwepheshe besikhathi eside wokugcina amandla: "Nweba ukusetshenziswa kwamafomu ahlukahlukene okugcina amandla.Kuhlanganiswe nezimo zezinsiza zezifunda ezihlukahlukene kanye nesidingo sezinhlobo ezahlukene zamandla, ukukhuthaza ukugcinwa kwamandla isikhathi eside, Ukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi amasha okugcina amandla afana nokugcinwa kwamandla e-hydrogen, ukugcinwa kwamandla ashisayo (okubandayo), njll kuzokhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa. yezinhlobo ezahlukene zokugcina amandla., Ibhethri ye-Iron-chromium flow, ibhethri le-zinc-Australia eligeleza nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni", "Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo okugcinwa kwe-hydrogen (ammonia), ukuhlanganisa i-hydrogen-electric nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi zokubonisa ukugcinwa kwamandla".Kulindeleke ukuthi phakathi nesikhathi soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu ye-14, izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezinkulu zokugcina amandla esikhathi eside njenge-hydrogen (ammonia) yokugcina amandla, ukugeleza.amabhethrifuthi umoya ocindezelwe osethuthukile uzokhuphuka kakhulu.

Ukugxila ekubhekaneni nezinkinga ezibalulekile kubuchwepheshe bokulawula okuhlakaniphile, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kolwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana nehadiwe kulindeleke ukuthi kusheshiswe, okuzozuzisa imboni yezinsiza zamandla ngokuphelele.

Esikhathini esedlule, ukwakheka kwesistimu yamandla evamile kwakungokwesakhiwo seketango elivamile, futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla nokulawulwa komthwalo wamandla kwatholwa ngokuthumela okumaphakathi.Ohlelweni olusha lwamandla, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla amasha kuwumphumela oyinhloko.Ukuntengantenga okukhulayo ohlangothini olukhiphayo kwenza kungenzeki ukulawula nokubikezela ngokunembile isidingo, futhi umthelela wokusetshenziswa kwamandla obangelwa ukuthandwa okukhulu kwezimoto zamandla amasha kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla ohlangothini lomthwalo ubekwe phezulu.Isici esisobala ukuthi isistimu yegridi yamandla ixhunywe emithonjeni emikhulu yamandla esabalalisiwe kanye namandla aqondile aguquguqukayo.Kulo mongo, umqondo wendabuko wokuthumela omaphakathi uzoguqulwa ube ukuhlanganiswa okudidiyelwe komthombo, inethiwekhi, umthwalo kanye nesitoreji, kanye nemodi yokulungisa evumelana nezimo.Ukuze ubone uguquko, ukwenziwa kwedijithali, ukwaziswa kanye nobuhlakani bazo zonke izici zamandla namandla kuyizihloko zobuchwepheshe ezingenakugwema.

Ukugcinwa kwamandla kuyingxenye yengqalasizinda entsha yamandla esikhathini esizayo.Njengamanje, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-hardware nolwazi kanye nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zigqama kakhulu: iziteshi zamandla ezikhona azinakho ukuhlaziya ubungozi bokuphepha nokulawula uhlelo lokuphatha amabhethri, ukutholwa okubanzi, ukuhlanekezelwa kwedatha, ukubambezeleka kwedatha, nokulahleka kwedatha.Ukwehluleka kwedatha okubonwayo;indlela yokuxhumanisa ngempumelelo ukuhlanganisa nokuphathwa kokuphakwa kwezinsiza zomthwalo wesitoreji samandla ohlangothini lomsebenzisi, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole izinzuzo ezengeziwe ngokusebenzisa izimboni zamandla ezibonakalayo ezibamba iqhaza ekuthengiseni imakethe kagesi;ubuchwepheshe bolwazi lwedijithali obufana nedatha enkulu, i-blockchain, i-cloud computing, nempahla yokugcina amandla Izinga lokuhlanganisa lincane kakhulu, ukusebenzisana phakathi kokugcinwa kwamandla nezinye izixhumanisi ohlelweni lwamandla abuthaka, futhi ubuchwepheshe nemodeli yokuhlaziywa kwedatha nokumbiwa kwezimayini. enani elengeziwe awavuthiwe.Ngokuduma nezinga lokugcinwa kwamandla oHlelweni Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu, izidingo zedijithali, ukwaziswa kanye nezidingo zokuphatha ezihlakaniphile zezinhlelo zokugcina amandla zizofinyelela esigabeni esiphuthumayo kakhulu.

Kulo mongo, “Uhlelo Lokusebenza” lunqume ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokulawula okukhaliphile bokugcinwa kwamandla buzothathwa njengenye yezinkomba ezintathu ezibalulekile zokubhekana nezinkinga ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe obusha bokugcina amandla kanye nemishini ngesikhathi soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu. ikakhulukazi "ubuchwepheshe bokubhekana obumaphakathi bohlelo olukhulu lokugcina amandla lweqoqo lokulawula ngokubambisana okuhlakaniphile"., enze ucwaningo ngokuhlanganisa okuhlanganyelwe kwamasistimu okugcina amandla asabalalisiwe, futhi agxile ekuxazululeni izinkinga zokulawula igridi ezibangelwa ingxenye ephezulu yokufinyelela kwamandla amasha.Ukuthembela kudatha enkulu, i-cloud computing, intelligence yokwenziwa, i-blockchain nobunye ubuchwepheshe, ukusebenzisa kabusha ukugcinwa kwamandla okunemisebenzi eminingi, Ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe obubalulekile emikhakheni yokuphendula okufunwayo, izitshalo zamandla abonakalayo, ukugcinwa kwamandla wamafu, kanye nemakethe- ukuthengiselana okusekelwe.”Ukufakwa kwedijithali, ukwaziswa kanye nobuhlakani bokugcinwa kwamandla esikhathini esizayo kuzoncika ekuvuthweni kokugcina amandla kobuchwepheshe bokuthumela obuhlakaniphile emikhakheni ehlukene.