Ekuqaleni kwemakethe yezimoto zamandla amasha, inqubomgomo isobala, futhi izibalo zomxhaso zinkulu.Inani elikhulu lezinkampani ezizimele ziyahola ekuthatheni izimpande emakethe ngemikhiqizo yamandla emisha engalingani, futhi zithole uxhaso olucebile.Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokuncipha kwezibonelelo kanye nokuqaliswa kwesistimu "yamaphuzu amabili", ukucindezela kwemikhiqizo ezimele kuye kwavela.

Ngaphansi komkhuba ojwayelekile wokuthandwa kancane kancane kwezimoto ezisebenza ngamandla amasha, imidondoshiya yamazwe ngamazwe nayo iyasheshisa ukwakheka kwazo.

Ngomhla zi-5 kuNhlangulana, usuku lwezemvelo emhlabeni, amamotho ajwayelekile embula indlela yawo yokufaka ugesi eShayina, ethembisa ukudlulela “ku-zero emissions”.I-Nandu ifunde kuma-general motors e-China ukuthi ngo-2020, izokwethula isamba samamodeli anamandla amasha ayi-10 emakethe yaseChina.Ngaphandle kwezimoto ezintsha, i-gm iphinde ivule uxhaxha lwemboni ekhuphuka nomfula, ikubeka kucace ukuthi izokhiqiza amabhethri eChina, okukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi inawo wonke amandla amasha.

Hlanganisa ibhethri ukuze udlule ochungechungeni lomkhakha okhuphuka nomfula

Okwamanje, i-gm ayizange yethule amamodeli amaningi wamandla amasha e-China.Isibonelo, i-Chevrolet Bolt, esevele inesizinda esithile semakethe eNyakatho Melika, ayizange ingene eChina.Izimoto ezintathu zamandla amasha ezethulwe e-China yilezi: i-plug-in ye-Cadillac CT6, i-buick VELITE5 plug-in hybrid ne-baojun E100 pure electric car.I-buick VELITE6 plug-in hybrid kanye nemoto kagesi engudadewabo i-VELITE6 nazo zizotholakala.

Kuthekhnoloji ye-GM's global executive Vice President and tsien, President of gm China wembule abezindaba mayelana nenqubekelaphambili kule minyaka emihlanu ezayo, "kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2020, bazokwethula izimoto zamandla ezintsha eziyi-10 emakethe yaseShayina, ngokulandelayo, futhi. izophinde yandise ukwakheka komkhiqizo, kulindeleke ukuthi iphelele ngo-2023, amamodeli wamandla we-huaxin azophindeka kabili. "Lokho kungasho izimoto ezingaba ngu-20 zamandla amasha e-China eminyakeni emihlanu.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lamamodeli, elinye ibhomu elikhulu le-gm ekufakeni ugesi liwumongo wezimoto zamandla amasha - amabhethri.Emgwaqeni oya ekufakeni ugesi, i-gm ayizange yethule ngokuqondile amaphakethe ebhethri aphelele, njengoba kwenza abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi.Esikhundleni salokho, ikhethe ukuhlanganisa amabhethri ayo, izama ukuvula uchungechunge lwemboni ekhuphuka nomfula nokwenza amabhethri ngokwezifiso amamodeli awo.U-Qian huikang wembulele intatheli, njengoba imikhiqizo isifakwe emakethe, i-saic-gmamandla ibhethriisikhungo sokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu manje siyasebenza, ukukhiqizwa kwendawo kanye nokudayiswa komhlangano webhethri lemoto kagesi, lena futhi inhlangano yesibili yomhlaba jikelele yokuhlanganisa amabhethri emotho.Kodwa-ke, i-gm ayizange imemezele umthamo webhethri othize nezinhlelo zamandla.

Kusukela ngo-2011, isikhungo sasungula ilebhu yebhethri ukuze sidale imikhiqizo efakwe ugesi yemakethe yaseShayina.

Umdondoshiya olindile

Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqwaba yamamodeli kagesi amsulwa asungulwe izinkampani eziningi ezizimele eminyakeni yamuva, nakuba i-gm inohlelo “lwe-zero emission”, isalindile emoyeni ngokwejubane.Ngokweshejuli nendlela yobuchwepheshe, i-gm ayizinikezi “i-dead order”.

“Kunesikhathi soshintsho ukusuka emotweni ejwayelekile yamafutha ukuya kwelekusasa likagesi elimsulwa.Njengamanje, sikhuthaza ngamandla izimoto ezintsha zamandla, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi, kanye nokukhuthazwa kwemakethe.Ngokuqondene nohlelo lwezikhathi lokuhoxiswa kwezimoto zikawoyela kaphethiloli, kunzima ukubikezela unyaka othile lapho izimoto zikawoyela wendabuko zizolahlekelwa ngokuphelele isidingo sabathengi futhi ngaleyo ndlela zihoxe emakethe, ngakho-ke ngeke sibeke uhlelo lwezikhathi oluthile.Kusho uQian.

Ukuze kuzuzwe "ukukhipha iqanda" kumzila wezobuchwepheshe, i-gm ayinqabi noma ibuphi ubuchwepheshe, i-gm China electrification, unjiniyela omkhulu, u-Jenny (JenniferGoforth) uthe isu le-gm lokufaka ugesi lihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, "noma ngabe iyihybrid, i-plug-in hybrid noma ubuchwepheshe bukagesi obumsulwa, sigxile kuzo zonke izindawo zobuchwepheshe.”Uphinde wadalula ukuthi ukuze kuzuzwe ikusasa “elingenayo i-zero emission”, ngaphezu kwamamodeli kagesi ahlanzekile, amamodeli ama-fuel cell nawo afakiwe ohlelweni lwe-gm, futhi kukhona ngisho nezinhlelo zokwethula amamodeli ama-fuel cell emakethe yaseMelika.

Ineminyaka yobungcweti bezobuchwepheshe, kodwa ayinalo udlame emakethe yamandla entsha yaseChina.Iphinde ifane nenye isidlakela sakwaToyota.

Yize sekuphele iminyaka becwaninga ngobuchwepheshe be-hybrid nama-fuel cell, kuze kwaze kwaba sembukisweni wezimoto eBeijing kulo nyaka lapho kwaToyota bethula izinhlobo ezimbili zePHEV, okuyi-faw Toyota corolla kanye ne-gac Toyota ryling PHEV version.Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Toyota motor (China) investment co., LTD., usihlalo kanye nemenenja jikelele u-xiao Lin yihong SMW intatheli yaxoxa ngezindlela zokuthi noma ngabe ubuchwepheshe buhle kangakanani, iToyota kumele ikwazi ukuletha izinhlobo zezimoto zamandla amasha, ingavumela abathengi ukuba bakwazi ukuyikhokhela. yona, "kanye nokunye kokubili ngokwentengo, noma kusukela ekuvuthweni kobuchwepheshe, i-corolla, i-ralink ezosebenza njengesisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli we-PHEV ikhuthaza kakhulu ukuthandwa."Uphinde waveza ukuthi uhlobo lwe-EV luzokwethulwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-2020. “KwaToyota bazophinde bathuthukise uhlobo lwe-EV olususelwa kumodeli ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathengi baseShayina futhi bayinikeze abathengi baseChina ngendlela yomhlaba wonke.”

Kokubili i-gm kanye neToyota kubonakala sengathi "baphuthelwe" iwindi ngesikhathi izimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla zifika futhi zithola uxhaso oluphezulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule naphezu kokuqina kwazo okuqinile kobuchwepheshe bezimoto ezintsha zamandla, zombili ngenxa yokucutshungulwa kohlelo lokukhushulwa kwemikhiqizo yezinkampani zezimoto kanye amabhethri angewona awasekhaya.Kodwa uma singena ku-2018, izinhlelo zemidondoshiya sezicace kakhudlwana, kunesikhala esengeziwe sokuziqhuba.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinkampani ezimbili, i-BMW, ​​okuwuhlobo oluphambili, isisebenzise imodeli “yebhethri-kuqala” njengoba iphromotha kakhulu izinhlobo ezintsha zamandla e-China.Ngemuva kwesigamu sonyaka kukhiqizwe ngokusemthethweni isikhungo sebhethri lamandla kagesi i-BMW ngo-Okthoba nyakenye, isigaba sesibili sephrojekthi yokuphehla amabhethri sesiqalisiwe, esizoba yisisekelo sokukhiqiza ibhethri elisha lesizukulwane sesihlanu le-BMW futhi libe yingxenye ebalulekile yebhethri. Uhlelo lokucwaninga nokuthuthukisa lwe-BMW.Lesi sikhungo sizokwenza ukuthi abakwaBMW bakwazi ukubhekana ngokushesha nesidingo semakethe yezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla eChina.

Ngokufanayo, i-mercedes-benz inesixhumanisi esibalulekile ekusebenzisaneni kwayo ne-baic ekwakhiweni kwezimboni zamabhethri, kanti i-tesla, eyenza umsindo omkhulu ngohlelo lokwakhiwa kwefektri eChina, iphinde yaveza ukuthi imboni yaseShayina izoba nokukhiqizwa kwamabhethri. hlela ezindabeni zomhlangano wabaninimasheya.Akunzima ukubona ukuthi nakuba ama-joint venture noma izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe zisemuva kakhulu kwemikhiqizo yazo ngomthamo wokuthengiswa kwezimoto zamandla amasha okwamanje, zinenkululeko eyengeziwe yokwenza ngokuvumelana nesimo ngokwakha izimboni zamabhethri nezinye izinhlobo zokuvula. iketango lezimboni.

Indlela yokubhekana nemikhiqizo ezimele?

Ngenxa yokuma kwenqubomgomo esobala yemakethe yezimoto zamandla amasha kanye nenani elikhulu lomxhaso, inani elikhulu lezinkampani ezizimele ziyahola ekugxiliseni izimpande emakethe ngemikhiqizo yamandla emisha engalingani, futhi zithole uxhaso olucebile.Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokuncipha kwezibonelelo kanye nokuqaliswa kwesistimu "yamaphuzu amabili", ukucindezela kwemikhiqizo ezimele kuye kwavela.

UNandu phambilini uphinde wabika ukuthi ngisho namandla amasha abewafanele “umfowethu omkhulu”, futhi ngenxa yokwehla kwezibonelelo, ukwehla kwenzuzo nezinye izizathu, enkingeni yokwehla kwenzuzo, imininingwane yemali etholwayo ikhombisa ukuthi inzuzo yekota yokuqala yehle ngo-83% , futhi i-byd kulindeleke ukuthi ibe nokwehla okukhulu engxenyeni yokuqala yenzuzo.Isimo esifanayo senzeka nakumoto yakwa-jianghuai, inzuzo yayo yonke engxenyeni yokuqala nayo yehle ngo-20%.Ukwehla koxhaso lwezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngogesi kungesinye sezizathu ezinkulu.

Hamba ku-byd, isibonelo, nakuba inobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo obuphelele be-"SanDian", kodwa lapho inqubomgomo ishintsha, isikhathi esifushane futhi okunzima ukubhekana nokwehla koxhaso, njengezinto ezimbi, ekubukeni kwembonini, lokhu ekuhlaziyeni kokugcina. , noma umkhiqizo ozimele wezimoto zamandla amasha udinga ukuthuthukiswa, ikakhulukazi imodeli ye-EV kunzima ukuhambisa inani elikhulu labathengi ukuze bathenge.U-Li shufu, ongusihlalo we-geely holding, naye ukhiphe “isexwayiso” engqungqutheleni ye-BBS yakamuva eLongwan, wathi njengoba kuqhubeka nokuvulwa kwemboni yezimoto yaseChina, ithuba elisele ezinkampanini zezimoto zaseChina yiminyaka emihlanu kuphela.Uma sibhekene nemakethe yezimoto zamandla amasha, umphumela wokukala kufanele udalwe ngokushesha.

Ukubhekwa kwemakethe

Isikali sezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla kumele sithuthukiswe

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, inani eliphelele lokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ezinamandla liye lagcina ukukhula okuphezulu, kodwa izinga lokungena eliphelele lezimoto ezintsha ezithwala amandla emakethe yasekhaya lisengaphansi kuka-3%, kanye nezithiyo zemikhiqizo ephethwe yizinkampani ezizimele. umkhakha wezimoto zamandla amasha aziqinile ngokwanele.Okuphawuleka kakhulu, ukukhangwa kwezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla kubathengi ngabanye kumele kuqiniswe.Idatha ye-TalkingData ekhishwe ngo-2017 iphinde ibonise ukuthi ama-akhawunti okuthenga okuyimfihlo afinyelela ku-50% kuphela wabasebenzisi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla, kanti ezinye zithengwa amapulatifomu okuvakasha kanye namabhizinisi, njll., futhi ukuthengwa okuningi kwenziwa emadolobheni anemikhawulo yokuthenga.Ngokuthonywa yizici zenqubomgomo, umthelela wezimoto zamandla amasha kubathengi ngabanye usazothuthukiswa.

Futhi ukwakha nje izimoto kunamandla amakhulu aphesheya kwezilwandle, ezinezindawo ezicebile zobuchwepheshe kanye nenqwaba yamamodeli, njengeToyota kanye ne-gm inesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kwengama-20 ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezimoto zamandla amasha, izinhlobo zeToyota PHEV ne-EV zingangeniswa kwamanye amazwe ngokusebenzisa Izinhlobo ezidayiswa ngokushisayo iminyaka eminingi, iBMW X1 kanye ne-5-series nazo zingaba sedolobheni ukuze zithenge “ikhadi eliluhlaza”, umdondoshiya wamazwe ngamazwe unolaka emakethe.

Kodwa-ke, ama-brand ayo awahlali phansi.Ngokubona ukuthi imikhiqizo yayo ayanele, i-byd imemezele ukuthi izolungisa zonke izinhlobo zayo futhi ingene "enkathini entsha yokukhiqiza izimoto".I-Geely, ememezele ukungena kwayo okuphelele emandleni amasha emasontweni amabili edlule, iphinde iqiniseke kakhulu ukuthi izongena emakethe yezinga eliphezulu ngenguqulo entsha yamandla ye-flagship yayo ye-borui model, i-borui GE.Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi zingu-770,000 kuphela izimoto ezintsha ezikhiqiza amandla eChina ngonyaka odlule (578,000 obekuyizimoto ezithwala amandla amasha), sisenendawo enkulu emakethe.Noma ngabe uhlobo oluzimele lungakasungulwa, noma umdondoshiya wamazwe ngamazwe ulinde ithuba, lisekhona ithuba lokuthatha ingxenye enkulu emakethe yezimoto zamandla amasha.