Izici ezi-5 zokuthuthuka ezinkulu zemboni yebhethri ye-lithium yaseChina ngo-2021H1

Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2021, eholwa inhloso yokuvelela "ye-carbon peak kanye ne-carbon neutrality", i-Nationalibhethri ye-lithium-ionimboni izofinyelela ukukhula okusheshayo, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nobuchwepheshe benqubo buzoqhubeka buthuthuka, ukuthambekela kokuhlanganiswa kwesitoreji se-optical kusobala, imakethe yokutshala izimali kanye nezezimali iyasebenza, futhi imboni iyathuthuka Umkhuba jikelele ulungile.

Esinye ukukhula ngokushesha kwezinga lezimboni.Ngokwezibalo zezinhlangano zezimboni nezikhungo zocwaningo, ukuphuma kukazwelonke kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka kudlule i-110GWh, ukwanda okungaphezu kuka-60% unyaka nonyaka.Ukukhishwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-cathode ezikhuphuka nomfula, izinto ze-anode, izihlukanisi, nama-electrolyte kwaba amathani angu-450,000, amathani angu-350,000, kanye nama-square metres ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.4, ngokulandelana.Ilayisi, amathani ayi-130,000, ukwanda okungaphezu kuka-130%, inani lomkhiqizo eliphelele lemboni engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka lidlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-240.Ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo kwamanye amazwe kwenyuke kakhulu.Ngokusho kwedatha yamasiko, isamba sevolumu yokuthekelisa yeamabhethri e-lithium-ionengxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka bekungama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-74.3, okuwukukhula konyaka nonyaka okucishe kube ngama-70%.

Okwesibili ukuvuselelwa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo.Ukuminyana kwamandla wegobolondo lesikwelei-lithium iron phosphatekanye ne-soft packamabhethri e-li-ioninqwaba ekhiqizwe amabhizinisi ajwayelekile isifinyelele ku-160Wh/kg no-250Wh/kg ngokulandelana.Isitoreji samandlaamabhethri e-lithium-ionngokuvamile uzuza impilo yomjikelezo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezi-5,000, futhi impilo yomjikelezo wemikhiqizo evela emabhizinisini ahamba phambili idlula izikhathi ezingu-10,000.Intsha engena-cobaltamabhethrifuthi i-semi-solidamabhethriukusheshisa ijubane lokukhiqiza ngobuningi.Ibhethriukuphepha kuthola ukunakwa okwandayo, futhi izinyathelo eziningi zokuvikela ezifana nokulinganisa izinga lokushisa, ukufakwa kokushisa, ukupholisa kwamanzi, ukuqhutshwa kokushisa, ukuphuma, nokumelana nokucindezela kuye kwakhuthazwa futhi kwasetshenziswa ezinkambeni zezinga lesistimu.

Okwesithathu ukusheshisa ukuhlanganiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwamatheminali okugcina okukhanya.Ngenkathi ukuthengiswa kohlobo lwabathengiamabhethri e-lithiumkukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-10 kanye nokuthengiswa kohlobo lwamandlaamabhethri e-lithiumidlule i-58GW, njengoba "i-carbon peak kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon" sekuyisivumelwano esibanzi somphakathi wonke, ukugcinwa kwamandlaamabhethri e-lithiumziye zaletha ukukhula okukhulu."Ukukhiqiza amandla e-Photovoltaic,ibhethriukugcinwa kwamandla, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina” uchungechunge lwemboni yamandla kagesi edidiyelwe kanye nentsha kancane kancane lusheshisa ijubane lentuthuko, amabhizinisi abalulekile emikhakheni yeibhethri ye-lithium, i-photovoltaic nezinye izinkambu ziye zaqinisa ukubambisana, futhi ukwakhiwa okuhlanganisiwe kwesitoreji se-photovoltaic kuye kwasheshisa.I-15GWh, inyuka ngo-260% unyaka nonyaka.

Okwesine, izinga lokukhiqiza ngobuhlakani liyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono.Imakethe ye-downstream iqhubeka nokwenza ngcono izimfuneko zeibhethri ye-lithium-ionukungaguquguquki, isivuno, nokuphepha, kanye nemihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi esezingeni eliphezulu, imigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo, izinhlelo zokuphatha ezihlakaniphile, nezinhlelo zokulawula kude sekuphenduke izinga lokukhiqiza.Ukuhlanzeka sekukonke kwemihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi yamabhizinisi abalulekile sekufinyelele ku-10,000, futhi ukuhlanzeka kwemihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi ebalulekile kungaphezu kwe-1,000.Inombolo enkulu yemikhiqizo eqediwe idluliswa kusetshenziswa izimoto ezihlakaniphile.Izinga lokukhiqiza okungenamuntu lithuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo.Ukulandelelwa kwebhethri namasistimu okuphatha inqubo sekusungulwe futhi kwasetshenziswa kabanzi.

Okwesihlanu, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemboni kanye nendawo yokuxhasa ngezimali kuxega.Ngokwezikhungo zocwaningo, engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, amabhizinisi abalulekile amemezele amaphrojekthi okutshalwa kwezimali acishe abe yi-100ibhethri ye-lithium-ionuchungechunge lwezimboni, ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuphelele kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-490, okutshalwe kuyoamabhethrifuthi izinto ezine ezinkulu zeqe amayuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-310 kanye namayuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-180 ngokulandelana.Engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, ezingaphezu kuka-20ibhethri ye-lithium-ionIzinkampani eziwuchungechunge lwezimboni zafaka isicelo sokufakwa ohlwini, ngesilinganiso sezimali esiphelele esicishe sibe ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-24.Ukusungulwa kwephethini entsha yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe yemijikelezo emibili kuya ngesivinini.Izinkampani zasekhaya ezihamba phambili zitshala futhi zakha amafekthri ezindaweni ezibalulekile zaphesheya kwezilwandle, kanti izimali zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinkampani ziqinisa ukubambisana nezinkampani zasekhaya ngokubamba iqhaza kwe-equity kanye nezinkontileka zesikhathi eside.